Egyptian Pyramids
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This list presents the vital statistics of the pyramids listed in chronological order, when available.
| Dynasty | Pharaoh | Modern name
(Ancient name) |
Site | Base length (m/m2) | Height (m) | Volume (m3) | Inclination & Notes | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd
2686–2613 BC |
Djoser | Pyramid of Djoser | Saqqara | 121x109 | 60 | 330,400 | n/a step pyramid | 
|
| 3rd | Sekhemkhet | Buried Pyramid | Saqqara | 120 | 7 | 33,600
(unfinished) |
n/a unfinished | 
|
| 3rd | Khaba
(uncertain) |
Layer Pyramid | Zawyet el'Aryan | 84 | 20 | 47,040
(possibly unfinished) |
n/a unfinished | 
|
| 4th
2613–2498 BC |
Sneferu | Pyramid of Meidum
(Snefru endures) |
Meidum | 144 | 638,733
(possibly unfinished) |
51° 50' 35"[1] | 
| |
| 4th | Sneferu | Bent Pyramid
(Snefru shines in the South) |
Dahshur | 188 | 105 | 1,237,040 | 54° 50' 35" /43° 22'[1] | 
|
| 4th | Sneferu | Red Pyramid
(Snefru shines in the North) |
Dahshur | 220 | 105 | 1,694,000 | 43° 22' | 
|
| 4th | Khufu | The Great Pyramid of Giza
(Khufu's horizon) |
Giza | 230.3 | 146.6 | 2,583,283 | 51° 50' 40"[2] | 
|
| 4th | Djedefre | Pyramid of Djedefre
(Djedefre's Starry Sky) |
Abu Rawash | 106.2 | 67;
(possibly unfinished) |
131,043 | Template:Sort[1][3] | 
|
| 4th
(uncertain) |
Bikheris? | Northern Pyramid of Zawyet el'Aryan
(Star of ..?..-Ka) |
Zawyet el'Aryan | 200 | (Never built) | [5][6] |  | |
| 4th | Khafre | Pyramid of Khafre
(Khafre is great) |
Giza | 215.25 | 143.5 | 2,211,096 | 53°10'[1] | 
|
| 4th | Menkaure | Pyramid of Menkaure
(Menkaure is divine) |
Giza | 103.4 | 65.5 | 235,183 | 51°20′25″[7] | 
|
| 5th
2498–2345 BC |
Userkaf | Pyramid of Userkaf
(The pure sites of Userkaf) |
Saqqara | 73.3 | 49 | 87,906 | 53°7'48"[1] | 
|
| 5th | Sahure | Pyramid of Sahure
(The personality (ba) of Sahure appears) |
Abusir | 78.75 | 47 | 96,542 | 50°11'40"[1] | 
|
| 5th | Neferirkare Kakai | Pyramid of Neferirkare
(Personality (ba) of Neferirkare) |
Abusir | 105 | 54 | 257,250 | 54°30'[8] | 
|
| 5th | Neferefre | Pyramid of Neferefre
(The power of Neferefre is divine) |
Abusir | 65 | (unfinished) | 
| ||
| 5th | Shepseskare | Unfinished pyramid of North Abusir | Abusir | 100 | Never built, earthwork just started | – | ||
| 5th | Nyuserre Ini | Pyramid of Nyuserre
(The seats of Niuserre will endure) |
Abusir | 79.9 | 51.68 | 112,632 | 51° 50' 35"[9] | 
|
| 5th | Menkauhor Kaiu[10] | Headless Pyramid
(The divine places of Menkauhor) |
Saqqara | c. 52 | n.d. | n.d. | ||
| 5th | Djedkare Isesi | Pyramid of Djedkare-Isesi
(Beautiful is Djedkare) |
South Saqqara | 78.75 | 52.5 | 107,835 | 52°[11] | 
|
| 5th | Unas | Pyramid of Unas
(The places of Unas are beautiful) |
North Saqqara | 57.75 | 43 | 47,390 | 56°[1] | 
|
| 6th
2345–2181 BC |
Teti | Pyramid of Teti
(The places of Teti are enduring) |
North Saqqara | 78.5 | 52.5 | 107,835 | 53° 7' 48"[12] | 
|
| 6th | Pepi I | Pyramid of Pepi I
(The beauty of Pepi may endure) |
South Saqqara | 78.75 | 52.5 | 107,835 | 53° 7' 48"[13] | |
| 6th | Merenre | Pyramid of Merenre
(The beauty of Merenre appears) |
South Saqqara | 78.75 | 52.5 | 107,835 | 57°7'48" | 
|
| 6th | Pepi II | Pyramid of Pepi II
(Pepi is established and living) |
South Saqqara | 78.75 | 52.5 | 107,835 | 53° 7' 48"[2] | 
|
| 8th | Qakare Ibi | Pyramid of Ibi | South Saqqara | 31.5 | 21? | 53° 7′[14] | 
| |
| First Intermediate Period | Khui | Pyramid of Khui | Dara | 146x136 | n.d. | n.d.[15] | 
| |
| 10th | Merikare | Pyramid of Merikare
(Flourishing are the abodes of Merikare) |
Unknown, possibly North Saqqara | n.d. | n.d. | n.d.[16] | ||
| 12th
1991–1803 BC |
Amenemhat I | Pyramid of Amenemhet I
(Amenemhat appears at his place) |
Lisht | 84 | 55 | 129,360 | 54° 27' 44" | 
|
| 12th | Senusret I | Pyramid of Senusret I
(Senusret beholds the two lands) |
Lisht | 105 | 61.25 | 225,093 | 49° 24'[17] | 
|
| 12th | Amenemhat II | White Pyramid
(Amenemhat is provided) |
Dahshur | 50 | 
| |||
| 12th | Senusret II | Pyramid of Senusret II
(Senusret appears) |
El-Lahun | 106 | 48.6 | 185,665 | 42° 35'[18] | 
|
| 12th | Senusret III | Pyramid of Senusret III | Dahshur | 105 | 78 | 288,488 | 56° 18' 35"[19] | 
|
| 12th | Amenemhat III | Pyramid of Amenemhat III
(Amenemhat is beautiful) |
Dahshur | 105 | 75 | 274,625 | 56° 18' 35" | 
|
| 12th | Amenemhat III | Pyramid of Hawara
(Amenemhat lives) |
Hawara | 105 | 58 | 200,158 | 48° 45' | 
|
| 12th or 13th | Amenemhat IV (?) | Southern Mazghuna pyramid | South Mazghuna | 52.5 | (unfinished) | n.d. | n.d. | 
|
| 12th or 13th | Sobekneferu (?) | Northern Mazghuna pyramid | North Mazghuna | >52.5 | (unfinished) | n.d. | n.d. | 
|
| 13th
c. 1790 BC |
Ameny Qemau | Pyramid of Ameny Qemau | South Saqqara | 52 | 35 | c 55° | 
| |
| 13th | Ameny Qemau
(possibly usurped)[20] |
n.d. | Dahshur | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | ||
| 13th
c. 1760 BC |
Khendjer | Pyramid of Khendjer | South Saqqara | 52.5 | 37.35 | 34,300 | 55°[21] | 
|
| 13th | unknown | Southern South Saqqara pyramid | South Saqqara | 78.75 | (unfinished) | n.d. | n.d. | 
|
| 13th
c. 1740 BC |
Likely Neferhotep I | Tomb S9 | Abydos | uncertain | unknown | Likely a pyramid, similar to Khendjer's, but possibly a mastaba | 
| |
| 13th
c. 1730 BC |
Likely Sobekhotep IV | Tomb S10 | Abydos | uncertain | unknown | Likely a pyramid, similar to Khendjer's, but possibly a mastaba | 
| |
| 18th
(1550–1292 BC) |
Ahmose I | Pyramid of Ahmose | Abydos | 52.5 | 10 | n.d. | 60°[22] | 
|
See also
- Egyptian pyramids
- Great Sphinx of Giza
- Lepsius list of pyramids
- List of Egyptian pyramidia
- List of the oldest buildings in the world
- Umm El Qa'ab
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Pyramid complex includes a satellite pyramid.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Pyramid complex includes a satellite pyramid and 3 queens pyramids.
- ↑ Template:Cite video
- ↑ For the problematic, see: Jürgen von Beckerath: Chronologie des pharaonischen Ägypten. Die Zeitbestimmung der ägyptischen Geschichte von der Vorzeit bis 332 v. Chr. (= Münchner ägyptologische Studien, vol. 46). von Zabern, Mainz 1997, ISBN 3-8053-2310-7, page 158.
- ↑ Rainer Stadelmann: Die Ägyptischen Pyramiden: vom Ziegelbau zum Weltwunder ( = Kulturgeschichte der antiken Welt, vol. 30). von Zabern, Mainz 185, ISBN 3805308558, p. 77, 140–145.
- ↑ Six ink inscriptions once contained a cartouche name, which remains illegible. There are dozens of different readings proposed by Egyptologists. See: Miroslav Verner: Archaeological Remarks on the 4th and 5th Dynasty Chronology. In: Archiv Orientální, vol. 69. Praha 2001, page 363–418.
- ↑ Pyramid complex includes 3 queens pyramids.
- ↑ Originally built a stepped pyramid.
- ↑ Pyramid complex includes a satellite pyramid and 1 or 2 queens pyramids.
- ↑ Reuters: Jonathan Wright: Eroded pyramid attributed to early pharaoh, 5 June 2008
- ↑ Pyramid complex includes a satellite pyramid and 1 queens pyramid.
- ↑ Pyramid complex includes a satellite pyramid and 2 queens pyramids.
- ↑ Pyramid complex includes a satellite pyramid and 5 queens pyramids.
- ↑ Last pyramid built in Saqqara.
- ↑ Unclear if it was a step pyramid or a giant mastaba.
- ↑ Archaeologically attested, but still unidentified.
- ↑ Pyramid complex includes a satellite pyramid and 9 queens pyramids.
- ↑ Pyramid complex includes a satellite pyramid or a queens pyramid.
- ↑ Pyramid complex includes 7 queens pyramids.
- ↑ Jarus, Owen (4 April 2017). "2nd Pyramid Bearing Pharaoh Ameny Qemau's Name Is Found". Live Science. Retrieved 8 April 2017.
- ↑ Pyramid complex includes a satellite pyramid and two enclosure walls.
- ↑ Built as a cenotaph. It is the only royal pyramid in Abydos.
Notes
Bibliography
- Lehner, Mark (1997). The complete pyramids: solving the ancient mysteries. New York City: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-05084-8.
Construction dates and heights
The following table lays out the chronology of the construction of most of the major pyramids mentioned here. Each pyramid is identified through the pharaoh who ordered it built, his approximate reign, and its location.
| Pyramid / Pharaoh | Reign | Field | Height |
|---|---|---|---|
| Djoser | c. 2670 BCE | Saqqara | 62 meters (203 feet) |
| Sneferu | c. 2612–2589 BCE | Dashur | 104 meters (341 feet) |
| Sneferu | c. 2612–2589 BCE | Meidum | 65 meters (213 feet) (ruined)
*Would have been 91.65 meters (301 feet) or 175 Egyptian Royal cubits. |
| Khufu | c. 2589–2566 BCE | Giza | 146.7 meters (481 feet) or 280 Egyptian Royal cubits |
| Djedefre | c. 2566–2558 BCE | Abu Rawash | 60 meters (197 feet) |
| Khafre | c. 2558–2532 BCE | Giza | 136.4 meters (448 feet)
*Originally: 143.5 m or 471 feet or 274 Egyptian Royal cubits |
| Menkaure | c. 2532–2504 BCE | Giza | 65 meters (213 feet) or 125 Egyptian Royal cubits |
| Userkaf | c. 2494–2487 BCE | Saqqara | 48 meters (161 feet) |
| Sahure | c. 2487–2477 BCE | Abusir | 47 meters (155 feet) |
| Neferirkare Kakai | c. 2477–2467 BCE | Abusir | 72.8 meters (239 feet) |
| Nyuserre Ini | c. 2416–2392 BCE | Abusir | 51.68 m (169.6 feet) or 99 Egyptian Royal cubits |
| Amenemhat I | c. 1991–1962 BCE | Lisht | 55 meters (181 feet) |
| Senusret I | c. 1971–1926 BCE | Lisht | 61.25 meters (201 feet) |
| Senusret II | c. 1897–1878 BCE | el-Lahun | 48.65 m (159.6 ft; 93 Egyptian Royal cubits) or
47.6 m (156 ft; 91 Egyptian Royal cubits) |
| Amenemhat III | c. 1860–1814 BCE | Hawara | 75 meters (246 feet) |
| Khendjer | c. 1764–1759 BCE | Saqqara | 37.35 m (122.5 feet), now 1 m (3.3 feet) |
| Piye | c. 721 BCE | El-Kurru | 20 meters (66 feet) or
30 meters (99 feet) |
| Taharqa | c. 664 BCE | Nuri | 40 meters (132 feet) or
50 meters (164 feet) |