Egyptian Pyramids: Difference between revisions

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==References and notes==
==References and notes==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
==Notes==
<references />


== Bibliography ==
== Bibliography ==

Latest revision as of 23:18, 12 March 2023

This list presents the vital statistics of the pyramids listed in chronological order, when available.

Dynasty Pharaoh Modern name

(Ancient name)

Site Base length (m/m2) Height (m) Volume (m3) Inclination & Notes Image
3rd

2686–2613 BC

Djoser Pyramid of Djoser Saqqara 121x109 60 330,400 n/a step pyramid Saqqara Pyramid Djoser.jpg
3rd Sekhemkhet Buried Pyramid Saqqara 120 7 33,600

(unfinished)

n/a unfinished Sekhemkhet pyramid at Saqqara.jpg
3rd Khaba

(uncertain)

Layer Pyramid Zawyet el'Aryan 84 20 47,040

(possibly unfinished)

n/a unfinished Khaba pyramid at Zawyet el'Aryan.jpg
4th

2613–2498 BC

Sneferu Pyramid of Meidum

(Snefru endures)

Meidum 144 638,733

(possibly unfinished)

51° 50' 35"[1] Pyramid of sneferu Meidum 01.jpg
4th Sneferu Bent Pyramid

(Snefru shines in the South)

Dahshur 188 105 1,237,040 54° 50' 35" /43° 22'[1] Sneferu's Bent Pyramid in Dahshur
4th Sneferu Red Pyramid

(Snefru shines in the North)

Dahshur 220 105 1,694,000 43° 22' Egypt.Dashur.RedPyramid.01.jpg
4th Khufu The Great Pyramid of Giza

(Khufu's horizon)

Giza 230.3 146.6 2,583,283 51° 50' 40"[2] Kheops-Pyramid.jpg
4th Djedefre Pyramid of Djedefre

(Djedefre's Starry Sky)

Abu Rawash 106.2 67;

(possibly unfinished)

131,043 Template:Sort[1][3] Abu Rawash Pyramid.jpg
4th

(uncertain)

Bikheris?

Seth-Ka?[4]

Northern Pyramid of Zawyet el'Aryan

(Star of ..?..-Ka)

Zawyet el'Aryan 200 (Never built) [5][6]
Vue-grande-excavation.jpg
4th Khafre Pyramid of Khafre

(Khafre is great)

Giza 215.25 143.5 2,211,096 53°10'[1] Khafre's Pyramid343.jpg
4th Menkaure Pyramid of Menkaure

(Menkaure is divine)

Giza 103.4 65.5 235,183 51°20′25″[7] Menkaures Pyramid Giza Egypt.jpg
5th

2498–2345 BC

Userkaf Pyramid of Userkaf

(The pure sites of Userkaf)

Saqqara 73.3 49 87,906 53°7'48"[1] PyramidOfUserkaf.jpg
5th Sahure Pyramid of Sahure

(The personality (ba) of Sahure appears)

Abusir 78.75 47 96,542 50°11'40"[1] SahurePyramid.jpg
5th Neferirkare Kakai Pyramid of Neferirkare

(Personality (ba) of Neferirkare)

Abusir 105 54 257,250 54°30'[8] Abousir Neferirkare 02.jpg
5th Neferefre Pyramid of Neferefre

(The power of Neferefre is divine)

Abusir 65 (unfinished) Abousir Neferefre 01.jpg
5th Shepseskare Unfinished pyramid of North Abusir Abusir 100 Never built, earthwork just started –
5th Nyuserre Ini Pyramid of Nyuserre

(The seats of Niuserre will endure)

Abusir 79.9 51.68 112,632 51° 50' 35"[9] Pyramid of Niuserre.jpg
5th Menkauhor Kaiu[10] Headless Pyramid

(The divine places of Menkauhor)

Saqqara c. 52 n.d. n.d.
5th Djedkare Isesi Pyramid of Djedkare-Isesi

(Beautiful is Djedkare)

South Saqqara 78.75 52.5 107,835 52°[11] Pyramid of Djedkare, Saqqara, 1990ies.png
5th Unas Pyramid of Unas

(The places of Unas are beautiful)

North Saqqara 57.75 43 47,390 56°[1] Sakkara C02-29.jpg
6th

2345–2181 BC

Teti Pyramid of Teti

(The places of Teti are enduring)

North Saqqara 78.5 52.5 107,835 53° 7' 48"[12] PiramideTeti.jpg
6th Pepi I Pyramid of Pepi I

(The beauty of Pepi may endure)

South Saqqara 78.75 52.5 107,835 53° 7' 48"[13]
6th Merenre Pyramid of Merenre

(The beauty of Merenre appears)

South Saqqara 78.75 52.5 107,835 57°7'48" Pyramid of Merenre, Saqqara, 1990ies.jpg
6th Pepi II Pyramid of Pepi II

(Pepi is established and living)

South Saqqara 78.75 52.5 107,835 53° 7' 48"[2] PepiIIPyramid.jpg
8th Qakare Ibi Pyramid of Ibi South Saqqara 31.5 21? 53° 7′[14] Qakare-Ibi-Pyramid.png
First Intermediate Period Khui Pyramid of Khui Dara 146x136 n.d. n.d.[15] Khui-Pyramid.png
10th Merikare Pyramid of Merikare

(Flourishing are the abodes of Merikare)

Unknown, possibly North Saqqara n.d. n.d. n.d.[16]
12th

1991–1803 BC

Amenemhat I Pyramid of Amenemhet I

(Amenemhat appears at his place)

Lisht 84 55 129,360 54° 27' 44" AmenemhetIPyramid.jpg
12th Senusret I Pyramid of Senusret I

(Senusret beholds the two lands)

Lisht 105 61.25 225,093 49° 24'[17] Licht-senwsPyramids 01.jpg
12th Amenemhat II White Pyramid

(Amenemhat is provided)

Dahshur 50 Complexe-amenemhatII.jpg
12th Senusret II Pyramid of Senusret II

(Senusret appears)

El-Lahun 106 48.6 185,665 42° 35'[18] SenusretIIPyramid.jpg
12th Senusret III Pyramid of Senusret III Dahshur 105 78 288,488 56° 18' 35"[19] Pyramid of Senusret III 12.jpg
12th Amenemhat III Pyramid of Amenemhat III

(Amenemhat is beautiful)

Dahshur 105 75 274,625 56° 18' 35" BlackPyramidOfAmenemhetIII.jpg
12th Amenemhat III Pyramid of Hawara

(Amenemhat lives)

Hawara 105 58 200,158 48° 45' Pyramid of amenemhet hawarra 01.jpg
12th or 13th Amenemhat IV (?) Southern Mazghuna pyramid South Mazghuna 52.5 (unfinished) n.d. n.d. Mazghouna-sud-photo.jpg
12th or 13th Sobekneferu (?) Northern Mazghuna pyramid North Mazghuna >52.5 (unfinished) n.d. n.d. Piramide-mazghuna-nord.png
13th

c. 1790 BC

Ameny Qemau Pyramid of Ameny Qemau South Saqqara 52 35 c 55° Plan-complexe-ameni-kemaou copie.jpg
13th Ameny Qemau

(possibly usurped)[20]

n.d. Dahshur n.d. n.d. n.d.
13th

c. 1760 BC

Khendjer Pyramid of Khendjer South Saqqara 52.5 37.35 34,300 55°[21] Khendjer-complexe-1.jpg
13th unknown Southern South Saqqara pyramid South Saqqara 78.75 (unfinished) n.d. n.d. Plan-anonyme-saqqarah-sud.jpg
13th

c. 1740 BC

Likely Neferhotep I Tomb S9 Abydos uncertain unknown Likely a pyramid, similar to Khendjer's, but possibly a mastaba S9 Abydos.png
13th

c. 1730 BC

Likely Sobekhotep IV Tomb S10 Abydos uncertain unknown Likely a pyramid, similar to Khendjer's, but possibly a mastaba Abydos Tomb S10.png
18th

(1550–1292 BC)

Ahmose I Pyramid of Ahmose Abydos 52.5 10 n.d. 60°[22] Pyramid of Ahmose, Abydos, 1998.png

See also

References and notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Pyramid complex includes a satellite pyramid.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Pyramid complex includes a satellite pyramid and 3 queens pyramids.
  3. ↑ Template:Cite video
  4. ↑ For the problematic, see: Jürgen von Beckerath: Chronologie des pharaonischen Ägypten. Die Zeitbestimmung der ägyptischen Geschichte von der Vorzeit bis 332 v. Chr. (= Münchner ägyptologische Studien, vol. 46). von Zabern, Mainz 1997, ISBN 3-8053-2310-7, page 158.
  5. ↑ Rainer Stadelmann: Die Ägyptischen Pyramiden: vom Ziegelbau zum Weltwunder ( = Kulturgeschichte der antiken Welt, vol. 30). von Zabern, Mainz 185, ISBN 3805308558, p. 77, 140–145.
  6. ↑ Six ink inscriptions once contained a cartouche name, which remains illegible. There are dozens of different readings proposed by Egyptologists. See: Miroslav Verner: Archaeological Remarks on the 4th and 5th Dynasty Chronology. In: Archiv Orientální, vol. 69. Praha 2001, page 363–418.
  7. ↑ Pyramid complex includes 3 queens pyramids.
  8. ↑ Originally built a stepped pyramid.
  9. ↑ Pyramid complex includes a satellite pyramid and 1 or 2 queens pyramids.
  10. ↑ Reuters: Jonathan Wright: Eroded pyramid attributed to early pharaoh, 5 June 2008
  11. ↑ Pyramid complex includes a satellite pyramid and 1 queens pyramid.
  12. ↑ Pyramid complex includes a satellite pyramid and 2 queens pyramids.
  13. ↑ Pyramid complex includes a satellite pyramid and 5 queens pyramids.
  14. ↑ Last pyramid built in Saqqara.
  15. ↑ Unclear if it was a step pyramid or a giant mastaba.
  16. ↑ Archaeologically attested, but still unidentified.
  17. ↑ Pyramid complex includes a satellite pyramid and 9 queens pyramids.
  18. ↑ Pyramid complex includes a satellite pyramid or a queens pyramid.
  19. ↑ Pyramid complex includes 7 queens pyramids.
  20. ↑ Jarus, Owen (4 April 2017). "2nd Pyramid Bearing Pharaoh Ameny Qemau's Name Is Found". Live Science. Retrieved 8 April 2017.
  21. ↑ Pyramid complex includes a satellite pyramid and two enclosure walls.
  22. ↑ Built as a cenotaph. It is the only royal pyramid in Abydos.

Notes


Bibliography


Construction dates and heights

The following table lays out the chronology of the construction of most of the major pyramids mentioned here. Each pyramid is identified through the pharaoh who ordered it built, his approximate reign, and its location.

Pyramid / Pharaoh Reign Field Height
Djoser c. 2670 BCE Saqqara 62 meters (203 feet)
Sneferu c. 2612–2589 BCE Dashur 104 meters (341 feet)
Sneferu c. 2612–2589 BCE Meidum 65 meters (213 feet) (ruined)

*Would have been 91.65 meters (301 feet) or 175 Egyptian Royal cubits.

Khufu c. 2589–2566 BCE Giza 146.7 meters (481 feet) or 280 Egyptian Royal cubits
Djedefre c. 2566–2558 BCE Abu Rawash 60 meters (197 feet)
Khafre c. 2558–2532 BCE Giza 136.4 meters (448 feet)

*Originally: 143.5 m or 471 feet or 274 Egyptian Royal cubits

Menkaure c. 2532–2504 BCE Giza 65 meters (213 feet) or 125 Egyptian Royal cubits
Userkaf c. 2494–2487 BCE Saqqara 48 meters (161 feet)
Sahure c. 2487–2477 BCE Abusir 47 meters (155 feet)
Neferirkare Kakai c. 2477–2467 BCE Abusir 72.8 meters (239 feet)
Nyuserre Ini c. 2416–2392 BCE Abusir 51.68 m (169.6 feet) or 99 Egyptian Royal cubits
Amenemhat I c. 1991–1962 BCE Lisht 55 meters (181 feet)
Senusret I c. 1971–1926 BCE Lisht 61.25 meters (201 feet)
Senusret II c. 1897–1878 BCE el-Lahun 48.65 m (159.6 ft; 93 Egyptian Royal cubits) or

47.6 m (156 ft; 91 Egyptian Royal cubits)

Amenemhat III c. 1860–1814 BCE Hawara 75 meters (246 feet)
Khendjer c. 1764–1759 BCE Saqqara 37.35 m (122.5 feet), now 1 m (3.3 feet)
Piye c. 721 BCE El-Kurru 20 meters (66 feet) or

30 meters (99 feet)

Taharqa c. 664 BCE Nuri 40 meters (132 feet) or

50 meters (164 feet)

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